abstract：:Preclinical models of behavioral and toxic effects of cocaine are reviewed and their potential for predicting compounds with efficacy and safety in the medical management of cocaine abuse and toxicity is assessed. Many of the existing models appear to be good predictors of the effects of compounds against specific beh...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Witkin JM

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present article discusses the distribution of free radical processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Specifically, we discuss the involvement of oxyradicals in the normal metabolism of catecholamine. We also review some proposals related to the possible importance of these compounds in the development of neur...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Cadet JL,Kahler LA

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Generation and reception of melatonin signals in the goldfish, Carassius auratus, are reviewed. The photoreceptive pineal gland of the goldfish generates circulating melatonin rhythms according to a given photoperiod under light-dark cycles and in a circadian manner under continuous dark conditions. Melatonin is also ...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Iigo M,Kezuka H,Suzuki T,Tabata M,Aida K

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A hypothesis, and supporting evidence, is presented for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Our model is as follows. Fetal hemoglobin levels are abnormally elevated in SIDS infants, which contributes to a state of chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia produces pronounced depressive effects on the respiratory system du...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Vertes RP,Perry GW

更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present review deals with findings related to the contribution of pro- and anticonvulsant effects of "neuroactive" steroids and the role of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor as a physiological target for naturally occurring steroids. Ways are discussed via which GABAergic neurotransmission can be enhance...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Myslobodsky MS

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, we have summarized various aspects as to how prenatal protein malnutrition affects development of the brain and have attempted to integrate several broad principles, concepts, and trends in this field in relation to our findings and other studies of malnutrition insults. Nutrition is probably the singl...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Morgane PJ,Austin-LaFrance R,Bronzino J,Tonkiss J,Díaz-Cintra S,Cintra L,Kemper T,Galler JR

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although human aggression is frequently inferred to parallel aggression based on testosterone in nonprimate mammals, there is little concrete support for this position. High- and low-aggression individuals do not consistently differ in serum testosterone. Aggression does not change at puberty when testosterone levels ...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Albert DJ,Walsh ML,Jonik RH

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The membrane phospholipids of the brain contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6 and docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3. These long-chain PUFA are synthesized from their respective essential fatty acid (EFA) precursors, linoleic acid, 18:2n-6 and linolenic acid, 18:3...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Wainwright PE

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical and experimental investigations of the color vision system in honeybees are reviewed. Grassmann's model and receptor models of color vision are discussed with respect to the problem of color difference. A recent analysis of the bee's color opponent coding system is presented in brief. Predictions for the s...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Backhaus W

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible implication of 5-HT2 receptors in CNS disorders such as schizophrenia, anxiety and depression suggests that 5-HT2 antagonists may be useful in the treatment of these disorders. The present review examines behavioral procedures used to characterize 5-HT2 antagonist properties of compounds and behavioral mo...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Koek W,Jackson A,Colpaert FC

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transplantation of dopaminergic neurons derived from fetal or adrenal tissue into the striatum is a potentially useful treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). Although initially promising, recent clinical studies using adrenal autografts have demonstrated limited efficacy. The use of human fetal cells, despite promisi...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Emerich DF,Winn SR,Christenson L,Palmatier MA,Gentile FT,Sanberg PR

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present study, we have investigated how various 5-HT agonists (m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) (0.1-1 mg/kg), 8-hydroxy 2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH DPAT) (0.125-2 mg/kg) and 5-HT (0.5-2 mg/kg)), the 5-HT uptake blocker sertraline (1-10 mg/kg), and the 5-HT uptake blocker and releaser dexfenfluramine (0....

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Higgins GA,Tomkins DM,Fletcher PJ,Sellers EM

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of prior stress experience on the response of the organism to a later stressor has been studied in terms of the extent of gastric ulceration induced by the second stressor. These studies have focused largely on effects of prior stress (shock, restraint, activity) on the ulceration developing under later restr...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Murison R,Olafsen K

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two major consequences of placentophagia, the ingestion of afterbirth materials that occurs usually during mammalian parturition, have been uncovered in the past several years. The first is that increased contact, associated with ingesting placenta and amniotic fluid from the surface of the young, causes an accelerate...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Kristal MB

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk assessment is the attempt to characterize the chance of obtaining an adverse effect after exposure to an agent. Traditionally, high levels of an agent have been used to estimate the likelihood a lower dose might have an effect either by using low-dose extrapolation models or by attempting to establish a dose with...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Glowa JR

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mathematical models used to study deposition of inhaled toxicants require morphometric data to represent the tracheobronchial airways of laboratory animals. Because of the difficulty and cost of obtaining detailed measurements, morphometric models are generally based on measurements from a small number of specimens. T...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Ménache MG,Patra AL,Miller FJ

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a number of 5-HT receptor ligands were examined on nonopioid defensive analgesia in male DBA/2 mice. MDL 73005EF (0.05-1.0 mg/kg), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, potently and dose-dependently inhibited the analgesic consequences of social defeat. CGS 12066B (0.5-10.0 mg/kg) and MK-212 (0.3-10.0 mg...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Rodgers RJ,Shepherd JK,Donát P

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of a range of antiandrogens and antiestrogens on conflict behaviors in laboratory rats and mice are reassessed in the light of recent studies applying ethophamacological analyses (recording the full spectrum of behaviors) to such investigations. It is argued that any antihostility properties of the antiand...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Brain PF,Simón VM,Martińez M

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that prandial increases in circulating pancreatic glucagon initiates an important peripheral satiety signal is reviewed. Glucagon administration at the beginning of meals reduces the size of test meals in animals and humans and reduces the size of spontaneous meals in rats. Exogenous glucagon may also i...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Geary N

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a 1967 Physiological Reviews paper, Frank Beach put forth four propositions regarding forebrain and hormonal control of brainstem-spinal mechanisms of copulatory behavior. Simply stated, he proposed that: 1) the forebrain exerted an inhibitory control over species-typical copulatory reflexes through descending effe...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Rose JD

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is little agreement on sleep-wake state categories for describing infants, nor is there agreement on how states are to be conceptualized. We propose General Systems Theory as a perspective for viewing behavioral states and for describing their function as a behavioral system within the infant's larger social sys...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Thoman EB

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The demonstrated existence of opioid and nonopioid forms of pain control has raised questions as to how they interact. Previous indirect evidence suggests that activation of one system inhibited the activation of the other. The present study assessed this directly using morphine as an opiate form of analgesia and cont...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Steinman JL,Faris PL,Mann PE,Olney JW,Komisaruk BR,Willis WD,Bodnar RJ

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of estrogen (E) and progesterone (P) in regulating the expression of agonistic, scent marking and proceptive displays is reviewed. In the intact sexually mature female, data indicate that agonistic, scent marking and proceptive patterns of behavior fluctuate significantly prior to and during the period of mat...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Takahashi LK

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seizures induced by pilocarpine (PILO) have proven to be a useful procedure for investigating the basic mechanisms essential for generation, spread and motor expression of seizures in rodents. Here we report the long-term effects of PILO in rats. Following PILO (380 mg/kg, IP), 3 distinct phases were observed: 1) an a...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Leite JP,Bortolotto ZA,Cavalheiro EA

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vulnerability to the development of drug-intake has been studied by using the acquisition of intravenous amphetamine self-administration in the rat. In a series of neurobiological experiments we provoked imbalances in the functioning of the dopaminergic (DA) network by performing lesions of the DA cell bodies in the v...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Deminiere JM,Piazza PV,Le Moal M,Simon H

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A theory of reinforcement is presented which accounts for the backward action of a reinforcer on operant behavior in terms of its effect on memory traces left by the operant. Several possible ways in which a reinforcer could strengthen the probability of recurrence of an operant are discussed. Predictions from the mod...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Huston JP,Oitzl MS

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:If a segment of a line differs in luminance or color from the rest of the line, three illusory phenomena may be perceived: a reduction in contrast of the line segment relative to the background, subjective contours running perpendicularly to the ends of the line segment, and spread of color or brightness surrounding t...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Redies C

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our recent studies on seizure-triggering mechanisms in the kindling model of epilepsy are reviewed. Electroencephalographic (EEG) events during kindling-inducing tetanic stimulation from the site of stimulation were recorded, with an emphasis on EEG suppression and rhythmic synchronous discharge. From electrophysiolog...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Morimoto K

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two hundred and ten patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and/or their parents completed a survey, answering questions about the frequency and disruptiveness of vocal and motor tics, behaviour problems and sleep disturbances. Respondents also rated the impact of TS symptoms on social relationships and level of personal...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Champion LM,Fulton WA,Shady GA

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term administration of neuroleptics causes tardive dyskinesia, which closely resembles levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and is brought about through complex mechanisms which are ill-defined. It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia relates closely to the chronic blockade of dopamine r...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Ebadi M,Hama Y

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antidepressant property of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) has been supported by several uncontrolled and controlled studies. Compared to standard antidepressant agents, SAMe has fewer side-effects and shorter lag period. Future studies to delineate SAMe-responsive depression are warranted. ...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Vahora SA,Malek-Ahmadi P

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radial-arm maze (RAM) has become a very widely used method for assessing spatial memory in rodents. It has proven to be quite useful in the investigation of the effects of a variety of pharmacological manipulations on spatial memory. The cholinergic system has been found to be crucial for accurate RAM performance....

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Levin ED

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have demonstrated a role for adrenal glucocorticoid hormones in the hyperphagia and obesity which follow lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Although VMH lesions elevate morning plasma corticosterone levels, it is concluded that this contributes little to the development of obesity. More imp...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： King BM

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of adding 0.125% saccharin to 3% or 32% solutions of Polycose, sucrose and glucose on the fluid intake and preference of adult female rats was examined. In Experiment 1, the rats consumed more of a 3% Polycose + 0.125% saccharin solution (P + s) than of either a 3% Polycose or 0.125% saccharin solution; sim...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Sclafani A,Einberg LT,Nissenbaum JW

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper reviews previous research on sugar appetite and sugar-induced overeating and obesity in the rat, and previews new findings reported in this issue on the rat's taste and appetite for starch and starch-derived polysaccharides. A variety of behavioral methods demonstrate that rats are very attracted to the tas...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Sclafani A

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prompted by recent findings suggesting that the basal ganglia and possibly the limbic midbrain area and brainstem reticular formation may be represented within the general learning system of the rat brain, the current study was undertaken to assess the learning ability of different groups of young rats prepared with b...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Thompson R,Huestis PW,Crinella FM,Yu J

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying the generation of circadian rhythmicity. This review describes several distinct lines of evidence which converge on the general hypothesis that circadian timing systems consist of multiple circadian oscillators, coordinated by both hierarchic...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Rosenwasser AM,Adler NT

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The methods used to obtain psychophysical data on the nasal chemosensory systems of all classes of vertebrates are critically reviewed and a summary of the available data on their odor detection and discrimination abilities is provided. Although there are reliable methods for training at least one member of each class...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Passe DH,Walker JC

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review critically evaluates the animal and human research concerning vasopressin's putative mnemonic role. Weaknesses in the interpretations of the early animal experiments as well as the implications of the later inconsistent findings are discussed. It is concluded that both the initial enthusiasm and the subseq...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Strupp BJ,Levitsky DA

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noradrenergic neural systems have been expressly implicated in pathophysiological conditions induced by stress. The majority of experimental evidence supports a central role for brain noradrenaline in mediating the effects of stress and predisposing an organism to stress pathology as well as in producing a well-docume...

journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

authors： Glavin GB

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00